If you want to know what Android phone you are currently using, there are two things that are important to know: the model number and the version of Android the phone is running. You can usually find the model number on the phone itself, but to find the Android version you need to look in the "About phone" menu. In this menu you can also find the model number if you can't find it on the phone.
Steps
Part 1 of 2: Physically inspecting the phone

Step 1. Turn the phone over so that the back is facing you
Most Android phones have model information printed on the back of the phone.
If there is a case on the phone, you must first remove it

Step 2. On the back of the phone, look at the lower part
The model number should be printed there. The text is usually very small, so you'll probably need to hold the phone close to your eyes to read it properly, or use a magnifying glass.
The model number probably doesn't tell you much at first glance, as it's normally a combination of letters and numbers. But if you look up the model number on the internet, you will immediately find more information about the phone in question

Step 3. Remove the battery cover and take out the battery (if possible)
If you have a phone with a removable battery, you can sometimes find the model number on a sticker behind the battery. If you remove the battery, you can view the sticker.
Not all Android phones have removable batteries

Step 4. If you can't find the model number, check the next section
If the model number is not printed on the back of the phone or under the battery, check the "About Phone" menu in the phone.
Part 2 of 2: Checking the "About Phone" menu

Step #1. Open Settings app
You can tap the Settings icon on your home screen, or press your phone's menu button and select "Settings".
In the "About phone" menu you will not only find the model number, but also the manufacturer and the Android version

Step 2. Scroll to the bottom of the list and select "About phone/About device"
If you see multiple tabs in the Settings menu, you must first tap the "General" tab

Step 3. Check the details at "Model Number"
Below is the model of the phone you are using.
The model number probably doesn't tell you much at first glance, as it's normally a combination of letters and numbers. But if you look up the model number on the internet, you will immediately find more information about the phone in question

Step 4. View the details under "System Information"
Here you will find the manufacturer of the phone.

Step 5. Check the information at "Android Version"
There you will find the version of Android that runs on your phone.